How do horses get the flu?

Equine influenza, commonly referred to as the "horse flu," is a highly contagious respiratory disease in horses caused by the equine influenza virus (EIV). Here's how horses get the flu:

Direct Contact: The most common mode of transmission is through direct contact with an infected horse. When an infected horse coughs, sneezes, or snorts, it releases droplets containing the virus that can be inhaled by nearby horses.

Indirect Contact: Horses can also contract the flu through indirect contact with items or surfaces contaminated with the virus. This includes shared equipment, such as saddles, bridles, grooming tools, and clothing. The virus can survive for several hours or even days on these surfaces, increasing the risk of transmission.

Close Proximity: Horses that are housed together or participate in group activities, such as training sessions, competitions, or trail rides, are at higher risk of contracting the flu due to the increased likelihood of coming into contact with infected horses or contaminated surfaces.

Airborne Transmission: In certain situations, the virus can be transmitted through the air over short distances, especially in poorly ventilated areas or during intense respiratory activities like coughing or sneezing. However, this mode of transmission is less common compared to direct or indirect contact.

Incubation Period: After exposure to the virus, it typically takes two to five days for symptoms to manifest. During this incubation period, infected horses can shed the virus and transmit it to others, even if they haven't yet shown any clinical signs of illness.

It's important to note that the equine influenza virus strains can evolve, leading to the emergence of new strains or variants. Regular vaccination programs and biosecurity measures are essential to minimize the risk of outbreaks and protect horses from the flu.