How does swine flu affect your body cells?

The swine flu, also known as the swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus, can affect the body cells in several ways. Here's an overview of its impact:

1. Respiratory Tract Infection:

- The swine flu primarily infects the cells lining the respiratory tract, including the nose, throat, bronchi, and lungs.

- The virus enters these cells and replicates, causing inflammation and damage to the respiratory tissue.

2. Viral Attachment:

- The swine flu virus has a glycoprotein called hemagglutinin (HA) on its surface, which enables it to attach to receptors on the surface of respiratory cells.

- This attachment initiates the viral entry process into the cells.

3. Viral Entry:

- Once attached, the virus fuses its outer membrane with the host cell membrane, allowing the viral genetic material (RNA) to enter the cell.

4. Replication and Assembly:

- Inside the host cell, the viral RNA uses the cell's machinery to replicate and produce multiple copies of the virus.

- New viral proteins are synthesized, including HA and neuraminidase (NA), which are essential for the release of new virus particles.

5. Budding and Release:

- The newly assembled virus particles bud from the host cell membrane, acquiring an envelope containing HA and NA proteins.

- These released virus particles can then infect neighboring cells, leading to further spread of the infection.

6. Immune Response:

- The infection triggers an immune response in the body, including the activation of immune cells such as macrophages and lymphocytes.

- The immune system produces antibodies that target and help neutralize the virus, aiding in the resolution of the infection.

7. Systemic Effects:

- In severe cases, the swine flu can also cause systemic effects and complications.

- The virus can spread beyond the respiratory tract and lead to inflammation in other organs, such as the heart, kidneys, and brain.

- This can result in additional symptoms and potential organ damage.

8. Cytokine Storm:

- In some individuals, the swine flu can trigger an excessive and uncontrolled inflammatory response known as a cytokine storm.

- This overactivation of the immune system can lead to severe inflammation, tissue damage, and potentially fatal complications.

The severity of the swine flu's effects on the body cells varies depending on factors such as the individual's immune status, overall health, and the strain of the virus. While most cases are mild and self-limited, some individuals may develop severe complications requiring medical attention and treatment.