What to Know About Myelopathy

Myelopathy refers to a condition that affects the spinal cord. It can result from various causes, including trauma, infection, inflammation, degenerative disorders, and malformation. Myelopathy can manifest with a wide range of symptoms, depending on the location and severity of the spinal cord damage.

Here are some key aspects to know about myelopathy:

Causes:

- Trauma: Spinal cord injuries due to accidents, sports injuries, or falls can cause myelopathy.

- Infections: Viral or bacterial infections, such as transverse myelitis, can inflame the spinal cord, leading to myelopathy.

- Inflammation: Autoimmune conditions like multiple sclerosis (MS) or neuromyelitis optica (NMO) can cause chronic inflammation of the spinal cord.

- Degenerative disorders: Conditions such as cervical spondylosis, degenerative disk disease, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) can compress the spinal cord and result in myelopathy.

- Malformation: Congenital abnormalities or developmental defects in the spine can lead to myelopathy.

Symptoms:

- Motor deficits: Weakness, paralysis, or difficulty with coordination and balance can occur.

- Sensory disturbances: Numbness, tingling, or loss of sensation in the arms, legs, or trunk may be experienced.

- Bladder and bowel dysfunction: Difficulty with urination or defecation, or even incontinence, can develop.

- Pain: Back pain or neck pain can be present, depending on the location of the spinal cord damage.

- Muscle spasms: Involuntary muscle contractions or stiffness may occur.

Diagnosis:

- Medical history and neurological examination: A healthcare professional will inquire about symptoms and perform a physical and neurological examination to assess muscle strength, reflexes, and sensory function.

- Imaging tests: MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is commonly used to visualize the spinal cord and identify any compression, inflammation, or other abnormalities.

- Electrodiagnostic tests: Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies can evaluate the function of nerves and muscles and detect damage to the spinal cord.

Treatment:

Treatment for myelopathy depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, medications, physical therapy, or surgery may be necessary. The goal of treatment is to address the cause of the myelopathy, minimize symptoms, and prevent further spinal cord damage.

Prognosis:

The prognosis of myelopathy varies based on the cause, severity, and timely intervention. Some conditions may cause permanent damage to the spinal cord, while others may be reversible with early treatment. Rehabilitation and supportive measures play an important role in improving the quality of life for individuals with myelopathy.

Importance of Prompt Medical Attention:

If you experience any symptoms suggestive of myelopathy, such as sudden weakness, numbness, or difficulty with bladder or bowel function, seek medical attention promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve the chances of recovery and prevent further complications.