When are platelets used in a blood transfusion?

Platelets are transfused when someone has a low platelet count, called thrombocytopenia. This condition can occur for various reasons such as:

- Medical conditions: Certain illnesses like leukemia, aplastic anemia, or immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) can affect the production or survival of platelets.

- Cancer treatment: Chemotherapy and radiation therapy used in cancer treatment can damage the bone marrow responsible for platelet production.

- Blood loss: Severe bleeding, such as from trauma, surgery, or childbirth, can lead to a decrease in platelet levels.

- Medications: Some medications, such as aspirin or blood thinners, can interfere with platelet function or lifespan.

- Splenomegaly: An enlarged spleen can trap and destroy platelets, causing thrombocytopenia.

Symptoms of thrombocytopenia may include:

- Easy bruising

- Bleeding from the nose, gums, or other body sites

- Prolonged bleeding after minor cuts or injuries

- Heavy menstrual bleeding

Platelet transfusion involves administering a unit or several units of platelet-rich plasma, obtained from donated blood, through intravenous (IV) infusion. The transfused platelets help restore normal blood clotting and reduce the risk of excessive bleeding. Platelet transfusions are typically indicated when the platelet count drops below a certain critical level, which varies depending on the individual's condition and risk factors.