What is blood group?

Blood group refers to the classification of blood based on the presence of specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells. These antigens are inherited and determine a person's blood type. The two main blood group systems are the ABO blood group system and the Rh (Rhesus) blood group system.

ABO Blood Group System:

The ABO blood group system is based on the presence or absence of two antigens on red blood cells: antigen A and antigen B. Based on these antigens, there are four main ABO blood groups:

1. Blood Group A: Red blood cells have antigen A; plasma has anti-B antibodies.

2. Blood Group B: Red blood cells have antigen B; plasma has anti-A antibodies.

3. Blood Group AB: Red blood cells have both antigens A and B; plasma has no anti-A or anti-B antibodies (universal recipient).

4. Blood Group O: Red blood cells have neither antigen A nor B; plasma has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies (universal donor).

The ABO blood group is inherited from both parents and follows specific genetic rules. Compatibility between blood groups is crucial during blood transfusions to prevent adverse reactions.

Rh Blood Group System:

The Rh blood group system is based on the presence or absence of the Rh (Rhesus) factor on red blood cells. People who have the Rh factor are Rh-positive (Rh+), while those who lack it are Rh-negative (Rh-). The Rh factor is inherited separately from the ABO blood group and can be positive or negative.

Blood transfusions must also consider Rh compatibility to avoid reactions. Rh-negative individuals can only receive blood from Rh-negative donors, while Rh-positive individuals can receive blood from either Rh-positive or Rh-negative donors.

Importance of Blood Groups:

Knowing one's blood group is essential for safe blood transfusions. It ensures that compatible blood is transfused, minimizing the risk of immune reactions. Blood group compatibility is also considered during organ transplantation and in prenatal care to prevent potential complications.

Regular blood donation campaigns rely on understanding blood groups to match donors with recipients effectively. Blood group compatibility is a critical aspect of healthcare and medical procedures involving blood transfusions.