What cause vomit of blood?

There are various causes for vomiting blood, which is also known as hematemesis. Some of the most common causes include:

1. Gastrointestinal bleeding: This can occur due to various conditions, such as peptic ulcers, gastritis, esophageal varices, or Mallory-Weiss tears (tears in the esophageal lining caused by severe vomiting).

2. Esophageal varices: These are enlarged veins in the esophagus that can rupture and cause bleeding. They are often associated with liver cirrhosis, a condition in which the liver is damaged and scarred.

3. Upper gastrointestinal malignancies: Cancers of the esophagus, stomach, or pancreas can lead to bleeding and vomiting of blood.

4. Trauma: Swallowing foreign objects or blunt abdominal trauma can cause damage to the esophagus, stomach, or intestines, leading to bleeding.

5. Certain medications: Some drugs, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), anticoagulants, or chemotherapy drugs, can cause damage to the lining of the digestive tract and lead to bleeding.

6. Hiatal hernia: A condition in which the stomach protrudes through an opening in the diaphragm, causing stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus. This can lead to inflammation, erosion, and bleeding.

7. Infectious diseases: Infections caused by bacteria, such as Helicobacter pylori (which causes peptic ulcers), or viruses, such as the norovirus, can lead to vomiting and bleeding.

8. Aortic dissection: A tear in the aorta, the main artery that carries blood from the heart to the body, can cause bleeding that leads to vomiting of blood.

It is important to note that vomiting blood is a medical emergency and requires immediate medical attention. If you experience vomiting of blood, it is crucial to seek professional medical care for proper diagnosis and treatment.