If incompatible blood are transfused what happens to RBC that agglutinated?

When incompatible blood is transfused, the recipient's immune system recognizes the foreign antigens on the transfused red blood cells (RBCs) as foreign and mounts an immune response. This response involves the production of antibodies that bind to the antigens on the RBCs, causing them to agglutinate or clump together. The agglutinated RBCs can then be destroyed by the recipient's immune system through a process called phagocytosis, in which specialized cells called phagocytes engulf and digest the foreign particles.

The agglutination of RBCs can lead to several complications, including:

1.Hemolysis: The destruction of RBCs can lead to the release of hemoglobin into the bloodstream. Hemoglobin is a protein that carries oxygen, so its release can cause anemia and lead to symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, and pale skin.

2.Kidney damage: The breakdown of RBCs can also lead to the release of harmful substances, such as free hemoglobin and iron, into the bloodstream. These substances can damage the kidneys, leading to kidney failure.

3.Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC): DIC is a condition in which blood clots form throughout the body, blocking blood vessels and preventing oxygen from reaching vital organs. DIC can be triggered by the release of procoagulant factors during the destruction of RBCs.

4.Anaphylactic shock: In severe cases, incompatible blood transfusions can lead to anaphylactic shock, a life-threatening allergic reaction that can cause difficulty breathing, swelling of the throat, and a rapid drop in blood pressure.

Therefore, it is crucial to ensure blood compatibility before performing blood transfusions to avoid these potentially life-threatening complications.