What causes high wbc segs and abs but low lymph count in a blood panel?
Several factors can contribute to high white blood cell (WBC) segmenters (segs) and absolute bands (abs) accompanied by a low lymphocyte count in a blood panel. Here are a few possible causes:
1. Bacterial Infection:
- Bacterial infections cause the body to increase the production and release of segs and abs, which are types of neutrophils. Neutrophils are specialized WBCs that play a crucial role in defending against bacterial infections. They actively engulf and destroy bacteria in the body.
- A high segs and abs count, along with a low lymphocyte count, can suggest a bacterial infection somewhere in the body.
2. Viral Infection:
- In contrast to bacterial infections, viral infections typically lead to a decrease in the absolute neutrophil count, including segs and abs, while the lymphocyte count may increase. However, in certain viral infections, such as measles or rubella, there may be a temporary elevation of segs and abs.
- If the low lymphocyte count is accompanied by other signs and symptoms suggestive of a viral infection (such as fever, cough, sore throat, or rash), a viral cause should be considered.
3. Stress Response:
- Acute stress, such as surgery, trauma, or severe burns, can trigger a physiological stress response that causes an increase in segs and abs and a decrease in lymphocytes. This response is mediated by the release of stress hormones like cortisol, which temporarily alters immune cell distribution.
4. Bone Marrow Disorders:
- Bone marrow disorders that affect the production and maturation of blood cells can lead to abnormal WBC counts. Some conditions, such as myelodysplasia or leukemia, can cause an increase in immature myeloid cells (including segs and abs) and a decrease in lymphocytes.
5. Autoimmune Conditions:
- Certain autoimmune disorders, characterized by the body's immune system attacking its own tissues, can disrupt the normal production and balance of WBCs. This may result in variations in segs, abs, and lymphocyte counts.
6. Medication Effects:
- Some medications, such as corticosteroids or chemotherapy drugs, can influence WBC counts. Corticosteroids may lower the lymphocyte count, while chemotherapy can affect the production of all WBCs, including segs, abs, and lymphocytes.
7. Splenic Dysfunction:
- The spleen plays a role in monitoring and removing old or damaged blood cells, including WBCs. Splenic dysfunction, such as in cases of splenomegaly or hypersplenism, can result in alterations in WBC counts and proportions.
It is important to note that a comprehensive evaluation, including a review of the patient's medical history, symptoms, and additional laboratory tests, is necessary to determine the specific cause of the observed WBC and lymphocyte count abnormalities. If you have concerns about your blood panel results, it is recommended to consult a healthcare professional for proper interpretation and further management.