What are the substances carried by blood and their functions?

Substances carried by blood and their functions:

1. Oxygen:

- Function: Oxygen is carried by hemoglobin in red blood cells and transported to body tissues for cellular respiration.

2. Carbon dioxide:

- Function: Carbon dioxide is a waste product of cellular respiration and is transported from tissues back to the lungs to be exhaled.

3. Nutrients:

- Function: Nutrients, such as glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids, are absorbed from the digestive system and transported by blood to body cells for energy and building blocks.

4. Hormones:

- Function: Hormones are chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands and transported by blood to target cells and tissues to regulate various physiological processes.

5. Waste Products:

- Function: Waste products, such as urea and creatinine, are transported from tissues to the kidneys for elimination through urine.

6. Water:

- Function: Water is the main component of blood plasma and helps regulate body temperature, transport nutrients, and facilitate chemical reactions.

7. Electrolytes:

- Function: Electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate, help regulate fluid balance, maintain electrical neutrality, and control muscle and nerve function.

8. Plasma Proteins:

- Function: Plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulin, help maintain osmotic pressure, transport molecules, and support the immune system.

9. Blood Cells:

- Function: Blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, play vital roles in oxygen transport, immune response, blood clotting, and defense against infection.

These substances are carried by blood and play essential roles in maintaining homeostasis and supporting various physiological functions in the body.