Why calcium gluconate is given after blood transfusion?

Calcium gluconate is a medication that is used to treat or prevent hypocalcemia (low blood calcium levels) typically caused by massive blood transfusion where citrate is used as anticoagulant.

Explanation:

During massive blood transfusion, the transfused blood is usually preserved in a solution containing citrate, which binds to calcium ions to prevent blood clotting. This can result in a decrease in the blood calcium level of the recipient, known as hypocalcemia.

Hypocalcemia can cause various symptoms, including tingling sensations, muscle cramps, abdominal pain, nausea, and anxiety. In severe cases, it can lead to cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, or even death.

To prevent or correct hypocalcemia during massive blood transfusion, calcium gluconate is administered. Calcium gluconate is a source of calcium ions, which can help to restore normal blood calcium levels. It is typically given intravenously (IV) to ensure rapid delivery of calcium.

Key points:

1. Calcium gluconate is used to treat or prevent hypocalcemia, which can occur during massive blood transfusion.

2. Transfused blood is preserved in a solution containing citrate, which binds to calcium ions and can lower blood calcium levels.

3. Hypocalcemia can cause various symptoms, including tingling, muscle cramps, abdominal pain, nausea, anxiety, and cardiac arrhythmias.

4. Calcium gluconate is administered IV to replenish calcium ions and restore normal blood calcium levels.

5. The use of calcium gluconate helps to ensure the safety of patients undergoing massive blood transfusions by reducing the risk of complications related to hypocalcemia.