Why Is Shock Considered a Life-Threatening Emergency & What Are the Signs & Symptoms?

Shock is the condition of inadequate blood flow within the body. Blood is the body's lifeline, supplying all organs and organ systems with the element essential for life: oxygen. Without adequate blood supply, organs can become permanently damaged. This event is a life-threatening situation that necessitates speedy medical attention. It is advantageous to be aware of the symptoms of shock, and to be familiar with first aid measures you can employ should they occur.

Causes

• Shock is subdivided into different classifications, depending on the cause. Cardiogenic shock is related to heart disorders such as a heart attack or heart failure. The lack of blood volume from profuse bleeding or dehydration can cause hypovolemic shock. A severe allergic reaction can trigger the condition known as anaphylactic shock, while a damaged nervous system can produce neurogenic shock. Infections can sometimes cause changes to the blood vessels resulting in septic shock. Some medications can lower blood pressure and affect the heart to such an extent that the condition of shock occurs.

Symptoms

• Regardless of the cause, a person in shock will experience very low blood pressure. Bluish lips or fingernails will indicate a lack of oxygen or blood supply. Symptoms of a lack of blood supply to the brain might include confusion, anxiety and faintness. Cardiovascular symptoms might involve chest pain and a weak but fast pulse rate. Other signs might include shallow breathing; heavy sweating; and pale, cool skin. The person in shock may lose consciousness.

What to Do

• If you suspect someone is in shock, the most important thing is to call 911 as soon as possible. Begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) if the person is not breathing or if you don't detect a pulse. Apply first aid treatment to wounds or injured areas. Loosen any tight or restrictive clothing such as a tie or belt. If the person is awake and does not have an injury to his head, neck, leg or spine, position him in the shock position, MedicinePlus advises. This position involves placing the person on his back and raising his legs 12 inches. If he is vomiting, turn his head to the side to avoid choking, unless you think a spinal injury is involved. In this case, roll the person on his side, being careful to keep the head, neck and back in line.

What Not to Do

• Don't elevate their head or give the person anything to eat or drink. Also don't move the person if you think his condition is the result of a spinal cord injury. If he is experiencing only mild symptoms of shock, it is important to get immediate medical attention, rather than wait until the symptoms become more severe. Early treatment can lessen the damage to the person's vital organs and save his life.