Refractory Anemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Myelodysplastic syndromes are diseases that interfere with the healthy maturation of blood stem cells into red blood cells, blood platelets or white blood cells. Several types of myelodysplastic syndromes include refractory anemia.

Refractory Anemia

• Myelodysplastic syndrome patients with refractory anemia have low amounts of red blood cells and normal amounts of platelets and white blood cells, according to the National Cancer Institute.

Ringed Sideroblasts

• Refractory anemia patients may have ringed sideroblasts or red blood cells with excessive amounts of iron.

Excess Blasts

• Individuals with refractory anemia may have excessive amounts of blood cells called blasts that may develop into acute myeloid leukemia.

Symptoms

• Patients with myelodysplastic syndromes may develop shortness of breath, weakness and a tendency to bleed to bruise easily. These conditions can cause patients to experience frequent fevers and infections.

Treatment

• Doctors may treat patients with myelodysplastic syndromes using chemotherapy, blood transfusions or stem cell transplants, according to the National Cancer Institute.