What Is the Meaning of Elevated WBC?

Your immune system depends on the proper level of white blood cells to help defend the body against foreign invaders, such as bacteria or viruses. However, there are circumstances in which their production can be altered, causing a white blood cell (WBC) count that is either too low too high.

White Blood Cells

• White blood cells (leukocytes) are special cells created in the bone marrow that are released into the bloodstream to fight infection. White blood cells can fluctuate in numbers based on the immune system's current needs.

Infection

• Infections are one of the most common reasons why white blood cell counts may be elevated. As the body senses an infection, it initiates an increased production of white blood cells to fight the infection. Once the problem has been alleviated, the white blood cell count returns to normal.

Bone Marrow Disease

• Certain bone marrow diseases that affect blood cell production may also cause an elevated white blood cell count. These disorders include acute lymphocytic leukemia, myelofibrosis and polycythemia, according to the Mayo Clinic's website.

Drug Interaction

• Certain drug interactions may also cause an elevated white blood cell count. For example, medications containing either epinephrine or corticosteroids tend to cause the overproduction of white blood cells.

Lifestyle Factors

• Certain lifestyle choices can also cause an elevation in your white blood cell counts. For example, smoking cigarettes can cause an increase in white blood cells, so much so that they can begin to aggregate and cause vascular damage. Consistent stress leads to an elevated white blood cell count as well, which can also lead to an increased risk for vascular damage.