Jaundice Explanation

Jaundice is a yellowing effect visible on the skin and eyes that occurs in newborns shortly after birth, as well as in children and adults from underlying medical conditions. Regardless of age, jaundice needs to be evaluated by a doctor.

Identification

• Jaundice appears because of increased levels of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment that is a byproduct of old red blood cells. As red blood cells retire, they are processed in the liver and disposed of through bilirubin in stool. If the liver is unable to process the number of retiring red blood cells, the yellow pigment collects in the body and results in jaundice.

Causes in Adults

• Hepatitis, cirrhosis, blocked bile ducts, pancreatic cancer and certain disorders present at birth are common causes of jaundice in adults.

Causes in Newborns and Children

• Common causes of jaundice are hepatitis, not getting enough fluids or calories, certain disorders present at birth and physiologic jaundice.

Treatment

• Mild newborn jaundice typically resolves after two or three weeks. Severe newborn cases may require light therapy, intravenous immunoglobulin or an exchange blood transfusion if other treatments fail. Treating the underlying condition should resolve jaundice in all other cases.

Warning

• Jaundice needs to be evaluated by a doctor to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment and to help prevent additional problems.