Information on Thrombocytopenia

Thrombocytopenia refers to a low count of blood platelets (thrombocytes). Platelets are important for blood clotting and stopping blood loss. Symptoms of thrombocytopenia range from mild to serious, depending on the cause and how low the platelet number is.

Symptoms

• People with thrombocytopenia might bruise easily or have prolonged bleeding, along with nosebleeds and bleeding gums. Abnormally heavy menstruation is another sign, as is blood in urine or stools, or a rash with tiny reddish-purple spots.

Causes

• Thrombocytopenia can be caused by many conditions. They include viruses, an enlarged spleen, anemia, autoimmune diseases, congenital disorders, kidney disorders, leukemia and other cancers, heavy alcohol consumption, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and certain drugs.

Diagnosis

• To diagnose thrombocytopenia, a blood sample is drawn and examined under a microscope, or the platelet count is determined with an electronic counter. In some cases, a bone marrow sample is required.

Treatment

• Treating the underlying condition is the primary therapy for thrombocytopenia. Severe bleeding can require blood and platelet transfusions.

Lifestyle

• People with low platelet counts should not take drugs that increase bleeding, such as aspirin, or drink alcohol excessively. They might need to avoid certain activities until platelet counts increase.