What Is the Meaning of Elevated Potassium Level in Blood?

An elevated level of potassium in the blood (hyperkalemia) is usually a minor condition that's easily treated. Severe cases of hyperkalemia may indicate a serious underlying condition such as kidney dysfunction.

Definition

• Potassium normally has a concentration in the blood in the range of 3.5 to 5.0 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L). Hyperkalemia is therefore defined as any potassium level above 5 mEq/L, although this condition normally is not considered clinically significant until the potassium level reaches 6 mEq/L.

Management

• The most effective method of controlling hyperkalemia is to avoid foods high in potassium. Some drugs such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) also may increase the level of potassium in blood.

Causes

• Renal insufficiency is one of the most common causes of clinically significant hyperkalemia. Specific kidney conditions include lupus nephritis and glomerulonephritis. Hyperkalemia also may be caused by an obstruction in the urinary tract.

Symptoms

• Mild hyperkalemia has a wide variety of general symptoms that become more specific as the potassium level continues to increase. The characteristic symptoms of severe hyperkalemia include muscle weakness, fatigue and tingling in the extremities.

Treatment

• Hyperkalemia often is treated with diuretics to increase urination and therefore reduce the level of potassium in the blood. Intravenous glucose also may be used as an emergency measure in a hospital setting.