Thrombocytopenia Complications

According to the Mayo Clinic, thrombocytopenia is the term used to describe a low blood platelet count. Platelets (thrombocytes) are colorless blood cells that are necessary in the function of blood clotting. Platelets prevent blood loss by gathering in mass to fill holes in blood vessels. A low blood platelet count can be due to an underlying disease such as leukemia or a disorder of the immune system. Sometimes there are no complications associated with thrombocytopenia, while in other cases severe bleeding and other problems can occur.

Symptoms

• The National Institutes of Health says common symptoms of thrombocytopenia include bruising, nosebleeds or bleeding from the mouth. In some cases, a rash that produces tiny red spots (petechiae) may develop, often on the legs.

  Other signs include blood in the urine or stools, abnormally heavy flow during menstruation or excessive bleeding during surgery.

Hemorrhage Complications

• The NIH says the primary complication associated with the condition is severe bleeding (hemorrhage). If there is bleeding into the brain or digestive tract it can be potentially life-threatening.

  Treatment will vary depending on the location and degree of the hemorrhage. Medications may include anticonvulsants to manage seizures, corticosteroids to alleviate swelling and possibly painkillers.

  Surgery may be needed, especially if there is bleeding in the cerebellum (the portion of the brain responsible for the coordination of movement and balance).

Gastrointestinal Bleeding

• Another potential side effect of thrombocytopenia is gastrointestinal bleeding (vomiting blood or blood in the stools). If you are experiencing these symptoms contact your doctor right away. He will want to rule out other possible causes for your symptoms such as peptic ulcers or colonic polyps.

  A procedure known as endoscopy (insertion of a long thin tube that's a noninvasive alternative to surgery) can diagnose the exact source of bleeding and permit your doctor to apply therapy. Once gastrointestinal bleeding is under control, certain medications may help prevent future bleeding.

Severe Bleeding

• Thrombocytopenia patients who suffer from severe bleeding may need to undergo a blood transfusion. Your doctor can restore lost blood with transfusions filled with red blood cells. Platelet concentrates are given to treat acute thrombocytopenia that may develop in some cancer patients.

Prognosis

• When thrombocytopenia is mild it generally has no long-term consequences. The outcome of thrombocytopenia, as well as its potential complications, will depend on the root cause of the low platelet counts.

  If you are diagnosed with a low platelet count your doctor may suggest that you not take drugs such as aspirin since they may weaken platelet function. You also may be advised to limit your alcohol consumption.