Sickle Cell Treatment

Sickle cell anemia is a blood disorder condition caused by defective blood cells that changes the shape of normally rounded cells into sickle shapes. These cells often block adequate blood flow through the body. Severe pain and anemia, a chronic condition caused by lack of red blood cells (which carry oxygen to all cells, tissues and organs of the body) are common. Blood tests diagnose sickle cell anemia, and several treatments are available, depending on the severity of the condition, to help prolong life.

Medications

• Individuals diagnosed with sickle cell anemia often experience pain, though mild over-the-counter medications such as acetaminophen and non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are often prescribed to deal with such issues. However, a medication called hydroxyurea may be necessary; it helps reduce pain caused by inadequately oxygenated blood. The drug is taken daily.

Bone Marrow Transplant

• In some cases, a bone marrow transplant may prove effective in treating sickle cell anemia, though they are usually offered to young patients who have a close donor match.

Hydration

• Fluids are encouraged in the treatment of sickle cell anemia because the condition causes dehydration in many individuals. Fluids are most often taken by mouth, but for those experiencing severely painful episodes, IV (intravenous) fluids may be offered at a hospital.

New Treatments

• Gene therapy studies are ongoing at present to determine whether normal genes inserted into the bone marrow of individuals diagnosed with sickle cell anemia may prove beneficial. Studies are also underway to further study the defective gene which causes sickle cell anemia to determine if alterations can be made in the gene to disable their ability to develop, multiply and grow.