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Signs & Symptoms of Pernicous Anemia

Pernicious anemia is when the body has a low number of red blood cells and it is unable to produce more red blood cells because the body has a lack of vitamin B12. People who are prone to pernicious anemia are unable to absorb vitamin B12 from food, which leads to the vitamin deficiency. The lack of this vitamin in the body can make red blood cells too large and/or keep them from dividing as they should. Anyone who is exhibiting the signs or symptoms of pernicious anemia should visit their doctor for blood testing.

  1. General Anemia Symptoms

    • No matter what type of anemia a person may have, the general symptoms of anemia are prevalent. Fatigue/tiredness is a major symptom of anemia because the body doesn't have enough red blood cells carrying oxygen in the body. Other common symptoms include dizziness upon standing; headache; shortness of breath; chest pain; pale gums, nail bed and skin; and cold feet and hands.

    Additional Symptoms

    • Along with the general symptoms of anemia, a person who has pernicious anemia will have additional symptoms that are related to the vitamin B12 deficiency that is producing their anemia. These symptoms can include muscle weakness, loss of reflexes which may cause unsteadiness and a loss of balance, as well as a red tongue that appears smooth and beefy. Digestive tract disorders are often common with pernicious anemia. These can include nausea, vomiting, bloating, gas, heartburn, diarrhea or constipation, weight loss and loss of appetite. Individuals who have pernicious anemia may also have enlarged livers.

    Symptoms Considerations

    • Individuals who have severe vitamin B12 deficiencies may develop neurological problems on top of anemia. These can include memory loss, confusion, depression and dementia. It's important that individuals who are exhibiting neurological problems be checked for pernicious anemia. Testing for anemia in the elderly is especially important because some neurological symptoms in this age group are deemed a normal part of growing old.

    Infant Symptoms

    • Infants who have pernicious anemia may have face tremors. They may also have unusual movements, poor reflexes and trouble feeding. Feeding problems are due to problems in the throat and tongue. Infants who have pernicious anemia may be irritable and hard to console. If this condition is left untreated in infants, it can cause permanent growth problems.

    Treatment

    • Pernicious anemia is easy to treat. Individuals will be given B12 supplements or injections. Individuals with severe pernicious anemia are often given shots each day for a week or until the level of the vitamin in the blood improves. When levels return to normal, a monthly shot may be prescribed. Individuals who have mild pernicious anemia are often given large oral doses of vitamin B12.

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