What follows the formation of bony callus in fracture repaired?

Following the development of a soft callus and subsequent bony callus during fracture healing, the next phase involves remodeling. During remodeling, the excessive or irregular newly formed bone is gradually remodeled and reshaped to match the original anatomical form and function of the affected bone. This process aims to restore the bone's strength, architecture, and alignment, ensuring its optimal functionality.

Remodeling involves the ongoing process of bone resorption and deposition by osteoclasts and osteoblasts, respectively. The remodeling occurs in response to both mechanical and biological factors, including the strain placed on the bone, local growth factors, and systemic hormonal signals. The bone tissue that forms during remodeling is organized into concentric layers known as lamellae, contributing to the overall strength and stability of the bone.

Remodeling continues for several months to years after the fracture has healed, gradually restoring the bone to its normal structure and function. This process is essential for ensuring that the repaired bone can withstand the demands of daily activities and prevent future complications or weaknesses in the affected area.