What can cause a compression fracture?

A compression fracture is a type of spinal fracture in which the vertebrae collapse and become compressed. This can occur due to several reasons:

1. Osteoporosis: Osteoporosis, a condition characterized by reduced bone density, weakens the bones, making them more susceptible to compression fractures. It commonly occurs in older adults, especially women, due to hormonal changes and aging-related bone loss.

2. Trauma: Compression fractures can result from high-impact injuries, such as falls from a height, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, or any significant force that compresses the spine. These fractures are more common in younger individuals.

3. Pathological Fractures: Certain underlying medical conditions can weaken the bones and make them prone to compression fractures. These include bone cancer, bone infections (osteomyelitis), tumors, or metabolic bone diseases.

4. Vertebral Hemangioma: Hemangiomas are benign vascular tumors that can occur within the vertebrae. When these tumors grow and enlarge, they can weaken the bone structure, predisposing it to compression fractures.

5. Steroid Use: Long-term use of high-dose corticosteroids, such as prednisone, can lead to bone thinning and an increased risk of compression fractures.

6. Paget's Disease of Bone: Paget's disease is a chronic bone disorder that causes abnormal bone remodeling, leading to bone fragility and an increased risk of compression fractures.

7. Spinal Tumors: Malignant tumors or certain benign tumors in the spine can erode or weaken the vertebrae, making them susceptible to compression fractures.

8. Infections: Severe infections of the spine, such as tuberculosis or fungal infections, can weaken the vertebrae and lead to compression fractures.

It's important to note that compression fractures can also be caused by a combination of factors, such as osteoporosis and a traumatic event. If you experience back pain, especially after an injury or fall, it's essential to seek medical attention for proper evaluation and diagnosis.