Charcot Foot Treatment

Charcot foot, also known as Charcot arthropathy, is a dangerous weakening in the foot bones of individuals who suffer from nerve damage (neuropathy). It is commonly associated with chronic, poorly controlled diabetes. If left unrecognized or untreated, Charcot foot can lead to deformity, permanent disability or amputation. Treatment may involve immobilization of the affected foot, activity modifications, customized foot support or surgery.

Understanding Charcot Foot

• Charcot foot begins when an individual without proper feedback from the nerves in the foot suffers repeated small fractures to the foot bones. Unless changes in the foot are detected, these fractures will worsen, creating the classic symptoms of redness, swelling and skin that is warm to the touch. Eventually, these fractures will begin to heal. However, healing is typically haphazard, and the affected bones become weakened and unstable.

The Importance of Vigilance

• If you suffer from advanced diabetes or any other form of nerve damage in your feet, it is vital that you watch for signs of developing Charcot foot. According to the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons, you may develop the disorder after sharp impact injuries such as foot sprains, or as the result of dropping something on your foot. In some cases, even minor impacts such as those encountered on a long walk may be sufficient to trigger deterioration. Since you may not feel the direct effects of your injury, you can seriously worsen its consequences unless you pay close attention.

Immobilization

• Treatment for your Charcot foot will begin with steps to control the swelling in your foot while simultaneously protecting it from further harm. Typically, this involves the application of a well-padded hard cast. To make sure your foot is fully protected, the front of your cast may be completely sealed shut. You will need to keep your foot immobilized until all of your redness and swelling have subsided; while you may reach this point in a few months, you should be prepared to be in a cast for as long as a year. As your swelling subsides, your doctors will need to refit you with new casts that match the profile of your foot.

  In some cases, your doctors may create a custom-designed walking boot that provides the same level of protection as your cast. If you are fitted with a boot, you will need to avoid placing any strain on your foot or ankle. In order to make this easier, you may also receive a walking cane.

Surgery

• If your foot is injured in a manner that will not allow fitting of a cast or boot, you may require surgical repair of your condition. Consult your surgeon for an explanation of any planned procedure.

Foot Support and Activity Modification

• Once your foot has healed, your doctor or physical therapist will fit your shoes with inserts to maintain your foot in the proper position and provide continued protection. If your condition has caused a significant foot deformity, you may also require a brace to support your lower leg. You may also receive help to make modifications to your daily routines that minimize your risk of future injury.