What goes wrong when varicose veins appear on the legs?

Varicose veins are swollen and enlarged veins that typically occur in the legs and feet. They happen when valves in the veins that prevent backward blood flow become weak or damaged, causing blood to pool and the veins to bulge.

Here's what goes wrong when varicose veins appear:

1. Valvular Incompetence: Normally, one-way valves in the veins help ensure blood flows toward the heart. When these valves become weak or damaged, they may not close properly, allowing blood to flow backward and pool in the veins.

2. Venous Hypertension: The pooling of blood in the veins due to valvular incompetence leads to increased pressure within the veins, known as venous hypertension. This pressure causes the veins to stretch and enlarge, resulting in the appearance of varicose veins.

3. Structural Weakness in Vein Walls: The increased pressure and stretching of the veins can weaken their walls. This weakness contributes to further bulging and enlargement of the veins.

4. Blood Flow Impairment: The presence of varicose veins can interfere with normal blood flow in the affected area. This may cause symptoms like leg pain, swelling, and heaviness, especially after prolonged standing or sitting.

5. Skin Changes: Varicose veins can cause the skin in the affected area to become thin and discolored. This may result in the skin becoming reddish, bluish, or brownish in appearance.

6. Ulcer Formation: In some severe cases, varicose veins can lead to the formation of skin ulcers. These ulcers are open sores that can occur near the ankles and are difficult to heal.

It's important to note that while varicose veins are usually not life-threatening, they can cause discomfort, pain, and may indicate underlying vein disorders. Seeking evaluation and appropriate treatment from a healthcare professional is recommended if you develop varicose veins or experience related symptoms.