How are the arches of foot maintained?
Bones
The bones of the foot form the basic structure of the arches. The tarsal bones, which are located in the midfoot, form the keystone of the arches. The metatarsal bones, which are located in the forefoot, form the pillars of the arches.
Muscles
The muscles of the foot help to support the arches by contracting and relaxing. The plantar fascia, which is a thick band of tissue that runs from the heel to the toes, helps to maintain the longitudinal arch. The intrinsic muscles of the foot, which are located in the sole of the foot, help to maintain the transverse arch.
Tendons
The tendons of the foot connect the muscles to the bones. The Achilles tendon, which is the largest tendon in the body, connects the calf muscles to the heel bone. The plantar fascia is also a tendon.
Ligaments
The ligaments of the foot help to hold the bones together. The plantar ligaments, which are located on the bottom of the foot, help to maintain the longitudinal arch. The transverse ligaments, which are located across the foot, help to maintain the transverse arch.
When all of these components are working together properly, the arches of the foot are able to maintain their normal shape and function. However, if any of these components are damaged or weakened, the arches can begin to collapse, which can lead to pain and disability.