Why would paralyzed muscles shorten as they atrophy are physical therapy and braces essential to prevent tightening contortion at joints?

Paralyzed muscles tend to shorten as they atrophy due to a combination of factors, including:

Muscle imbalance: When muscles that normally work together to perform a movement are paralyzed, the opposing muscles can become stronger and pull the affected limb or body part out of alignment. This can cause the paralyzed muscles to shorten and contract.

Scar tissue formation: When muscle fibers are damaged or destroyed, they are replaced by scar tissue. Scar tissue is less elastic than muscle tissue and can cause the affected muscles to shorten and tighten.

Joint contractures: When paralyzed muscles are not used, the joints they cross can become stiff and immobile. This can lead to joint contractures, which are permanent shortening of the joint capsule and surrounding tissues.

Physical therapy and braces play a crucial role in preventing tightening and contractures at joints by:

Maintaining joint mobility: Physical therapy exercises and braces help to keep the joints moving and prevent them from becoming stiff and immobile. This can help to prevent the development of joint contractures.

Stretching: Physical therapy exercises include stretching the paralyzed muscles to help prevent them from shortening and contracting.

Strengthening: Physical therapy exercises also focus on strengthening the opposing muscles to help balance the muscle groups and prevent the affected limb from pulling out of alignment.

Bracing: Braces can be used to support the affected limb or body part and prevent it from moving out of alignment. This can help to prevent the development of joint contractures and the shortening of paralyzed muscles.

Regular physical therapy and proper bracing are essential for preventing tightening and contractures at joints in individuals with paralyzed muscles. By maintaining joint mobility, stretching and strengthening the muscles, and providing proper support, these interventions can help to keep the affected limb or body part functional and prevent further complications.