What does the articular system do?

Functions of Articular System:

1. Support: The articular system acts as a framework that supports and protects the soft tissues of the body from external forces. The bones provide support for the organs, muscles, and other tissues.

2. Protection: The articular system provides robust protection to the delicate internal organs and structures. For instance, the skull encloses and safeguards the brain, and the ribcage protects the heart, lungs, and other vital organs.

3. Leverage and Movement: Bones act as levers that allow for the necessary movements and body mechanics. The joints formed by the articulation of bones enable the body to perform various movements such as walking, running, bending, grasping, and many others.

4. Storage: The articular system serves as a storage site for minerals, chiefly calcium and phosphorus. This mineral storage contributes to bone strength and provides a reserve for maintaining mineral homeostasis in the body.

5. Production of Blood Cells: The bone marrow, located inside certain bones, produces red and white blood cells, as well as platelets, through the process of hematopoiesis. These cells play crucial roles in the body's immune defense system and oxygen transport.

6. Endocrine Function: Some bones harbor specialized cells called osteocytes that secrete hormones. For example, osteoblasts, which are bone-forming cells, release osteocalcin, a hormone that regulates insulin sensitivity and energy metabolism.

7. Mineral Homeostasis: The articular system plays a critical role in maintaining mineral balance, primarily for calcium and phosphate. Bone acts as a reservoir for these minerals, and their metabolism is regulated by various hormones to ensure their availability for growth, development, and cellular functions.

8. Hearing and Speech: The temporal bones house structures involved in hearing and balance. The inner ear contains specialized organs, such as the cochlea and vestibular apparatus, which contribute to these functions.

9. Speech and Facial Expression: Certain bones, such as the mandible and the maxilla, form part of the structures responsible for speech and facial expressions. The movement and positioning of these bones contribute to articulation, pronunciation, and nonverbal communication.