What are bones of the pelvic girdle?

Bones of the Pelvic Girdle:

The pelvic girdle, also known as the hip bone or os coxae, is a ring-shaped structure formed by the union of three bones:

1. Ilium:

- The largest and uppermost bone of the pelvic girdle.

- Forms the superior and lateral aspects of the pelvis.

- Consists of the following parts:

- Iliac crest: The curved upper border of the ilium.

- Iliac fossa: The concave inner surface of the ilium.

2. Ischium:

- The lower and posterior bone of the pelvic girdle.

- Forms the inferior and posterior aspects of the pelvis.

- Consists of the following parts:

- Ischial tuberosity: The thick, rounded prominence where the ischium meets the ilium.

- Ischial spine: A sharp projection located just anterior to the ischial tuberosity.

3. Pubis:

- The anterior and inferior bone of the pelvic girdle.

- Forms the anterior and inferior aspects of the pelvis.

- Consists of the following parts:

- Pubic body: The main portion of the pubis that articulates with its counterpart on the opposite side to form the pubic symphysis.

- Pubic tubercle: A small bump located at the lateral margin of the pubic bone.

The ilium, ischium, and pubis are united by strong ligaments and fibrocartilage at two locations:

- Sacroiliac Joint:

- The joint formed by the articulation of the ilium with the sacrum (the triangular bone that forms the posterior aspect of the pelvis).

- Pubic Symphysis:

- The joint formed by the union of the two pubic bones at the midline.

These joints, along with the associated ligaments and muscles, provide stability and support to the pelvic girdle, allowing it to bear the weight of the body and transmit forces during activities such as walking, running, and jumping.