MCL Sprain Protocols

Ligament injuries can be some of the most difficult to treat and heal. Ligaments are considered to be avascular because they are not supplied by blood vessels. This slows down the healing process. The medial colateral ligament, or MCL, of the knee is an often-injured ligament. It is usually the result of a blow to the side of the knee. This causes a valgus or inward movement of the knee joint, stressing the MCL. Protocols for treatment after an MCL sprain diagnosis can vary depending on the grade or severity of the injury.

Grade I Sprains

• Grade I MCL sprains are accompanied by mild symptoms. Tenderness and mild swelling will be evident. Treatment protocol involves the PRICE -- protection, rest, ice, compression, and elevation -- method for the injured leg. Protection options could be either a knee brace, ace bandages or crutches. Crutches usually are not required for a Grade I sprain because the injured person is able to support body weight without significant pain or discomfort.

Grade II Sprains

• Grade II sprains include an increased level of pain and loss of function than is seen in Grade I sprains. This is because there is partial tearing of the ligament. The same protocol is in place, however, regarding protecting the knee with a brace. Crutches will probably be needed due to the inability to support body weight. Ice should be applied to the knee in 20-minute intervals, preferably with the affected extremity elevated to a point higher than the individual's heart.

Grade III

• The most severe of the types of ligament sprains is the Grade III. Typically, the ligament is ruptured or completely torn. Grade III sprains are distinguishable from the other two in that the injured party will notice pronounced joint instability of the knee. Medical attention should be sought and surgery is sometimes needed with this injury. Prior to and following surgery or other prescribed medical treatment, the PRICE method should be initiated.

Rehabilitation

• Once the period where the pain is severe or intense has passed, moderate rehabilitation may proceed. This should include gentle range of motion for the affected joint, performed in ranges that are pain-free. It should incorporate both active range of motion, which is done by the injured person, and passive range of motion, with assistance from a trained medical specialist. Twisting movements and those that cause the knee joint to move inwards should be avoided. The goal is to achieve approximately 110 degrees of flexion in the affected joint. At this juncture, cycling on a stationary bike can commence. Also, at this point, low-intensity strength training is also permissible.