Tests for the Bone Density of the Axial Skeleton

Osteoporosis and its precursors are diagnosed using a bone density test. Osteoporosis is a disease that causes the bones to become fragile and break easily. With the use of X-rays, levels of calcium and other minerals can be measured to determine the density of bones, and action can be taken to keep them strong and prevent fractures. A bone mineral density, or BMD test, is most commonly used in finding the bone density of the axial skeleton. It shows the percentage of minerals, mainly calcium, present in the bones.

Bone Mineral Density Test

• A bone mineral density test is a test of the axial skeleton, which consists of all the bones in the head and trunk of the body. It tests for low bone density, which is a key indicator in diagnosing osteoporosis. It is also used to determine whether bone density is increasing, decreasing or remaining stable during treatment for osteoporosis.

Central DXA

• Bone density is measured in the hip and spine using a central dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) machine, also called a bone densitometer. The DXA is an enhanced form of x-ray technology that measures bone loss.

Quantitative Ultrasound

• This type of bone density test uses sound waves to measure the density of bones; other tests use radiation. Quantitative ultrasound is a valuable screening tool for identifying low bone density.