Factors Affecting Bone Mineral Density

Bone mineral density loss is one of the most common problems people face as they age. This may result in medical conditions such as osteoporosis, a disease that causes a person's bones to become so fragile they break easily. Bone mineral density can be affected by several factors, such as pre-existing medical conditions, a person's overall physical health and diet.

Medical History

• A history of medical problems may influence a person's bone mineral density. According to Marcelle Pick, an OB/GYN nurse practitioner, it is normal for a person to lose some bone density as he or she ages. However, doctors examine patients for progressive bone density loss, which could signal other medical issues. According to a 2007 study funded by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases and the National Institute on Aging, older men who suffered from low bone mineral density typically had suffered from other medical issues such as diabetes. Other medical problems that could factor into a person's bone density include osteoarthritis, prostate cancer, kidney stones and chronic lung disease. The study also shows that there may be a connection between reduced bone mineral density and "a history of maternal or paternal fracture."

Physical Fitness

• A person's overall physical health, including levels and intensity of exercise, may influence bone mineral density as well. According to the 2007 study referenced above, an increase in body weight may affect a person's bone density. But this may, up to a certain point, be a positive factor. Participants in the study who had a 22-pound increase in weight also had bone mineral density levels increase by four percent. The study, which looked at men older than the age of 65, also cited a lack of physical activity as a factor in low bone density. According to Marcelle Pick, a lack of exercise can reduce bone mineral density in everyone. She suggests exercising 30 minutes a day, at least three times a week. Bones are most positively affected by weight lifting or incorporating weights in the exercise routine.

Diet

• Diet may play a role in bone mineral density. A well-rounded diet with the appropriate nutrients may help reduce the rate of density loss. According to Marcelle Pick, calcium is often associated with strong bones. However, a calcium supplement may not be everything a person needs. She says women need at least 20 nutrients that assist in building bone mass. A well-rounded diet, along with additional supplements, can supply this. Pick also advises people to avoid certain foods that may create acid, reversing the positive effects of a well-rounded diet. Foods to avoid include sugar, meat and a popular morning drink, coffee. Foods to consume include fruits, nuts and vegetables.