What Are the Symptoms of a Rotator Cuff Tear?

The rotator cuff consists of four muscles and several tendons. It is located at the top of the upper arm. It holds the humerus bone in place and allows the arm to rotate, thus the name. Tears to the rotator cuff are painful, but most of the time they heal on their own. In severe cases, surgery may be needed.

Cause

• Rotator cuff injuries are common. According to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, most people report a recurring pain in their shoulder after a specific incident, like a fall or heavy lifting. Other times a shoulder dislocation can cause the tear. In most cases, rotator cuff tears are because the muscles are being used too much over time, usually the result of normal wear and tear.

Symptoms

• There are several signs that point to a rotator cuff tear. Doctors look for pain or weakness when lifting the arm. There may also be a crackling sensation when the shoulder is rotated a certain way. The muscle may become thin. These symptoms can happen immediately after an injury or they can develop gradually over time.

Risk Factors

• Certain people are at a higher risk of getting a rotator cuff injury. There is a greater risk in people over the age of 40. Athletes are also prone to tears because of their overuse of the muscles. People employed in construction, like carpenters and painters may also get these tears. Poor posture can also affect the rotator cuff.

Treatment

• Doctors will usually diagnose a rotator cuff tear through a physical exam, X-rays and an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). Depending on the severity of the tear, there are several treatment options. In most cases, rest, use of a sling and physical therapy will help rebuild the muscle. Some doctors may chose to give steroid injections to help with pain and inflammation. If that does not help, surgery may be needed.

Rehabilitation

• In all cases, the arm needs to be immobilized and put into a sling to heal. Physical therapists will recommend exercises to keep muscles from stiffening up. Even after the shoulder heals, it is important to keep up the strengthening exercises to prevent a future tear.