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Achilles Tendon Injuries

The Achilles tendon attaches the calf muscle to the heal bone just behind the ankle. It controls functions that allow the foot to move up or down. An Achilles tendon injury occurs when the tendon becomes injured or separated from the bone. Achilles pain often feels like an impact injury, but if left untreated the mobility of the foot and ankle becomes compromised.

  1. Symptoms

    • Pain associated with an Achilles tendon injury includes an aching, sore feeling along with stiffness in the heel area. It is possible to feel the symptoms anywhere on the tendon, which reaches from the heel to the calf muscle. Pain is often felt after periods of resting the ankle and will increase with activity. Following activity, the pain will become intensified.

    Causes

    • Achilles tendon injuries are common when a person increases his activity level quickly without building up to it. This causes strain on the tendon area, resulting in small tears to the tendon. If activity continues at a high pace, the tendon does not have time to heal properly. Also, a person with flat arches is more prone to an Achilles injury.

    Diagnosis

    • Examination by a physician for diagnosis involves evaluating the range of motion in the tendon and its condition. Additional examinations are performed through an X-ray of the bones. An MRI or ultrasound of the soft tissues is used to determine the extent of injury.

    Treatment

    • Treatment for an Achilles tendon injury varies based on the level of the injury. An early diagnosis is treated by immobilizing the tendon, reducing inflammation and physical therapy. The tendon is immobilized with a cast or walking boot to limit strain on the tendon and promote proper healing. Applying ice to the tendon along with anti-inflammatory medications will reduce swelling and pain in the area. Physical therapy will strengthen the tendons and educate the patient on proper running and movement techniques. Surgery is required for severe injury conditions or cases in which other treatments are not responding. Healing may take up to six months.

    Prevention

    • Prevention of Achilles tendon injuries is accomplished by building strength in the calf muscles along with properly stretching the calf and ankle prior to activity. Wear a shoe that has been fit for the foot type and activity level, which will provide support to the tendons and muscles. Custom orthotics may be required for additional support.

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