Convulsions in Adults

Convulsions refer to symptoms consisting of the rapid, involuntary contraction and shaking of muscles. Convulsions are often referred to as seizures. They typically last from 30 seconds to two minutes. There are many causes of such symptoms in adults, including epilepsy, infection, low blood sugar and cardiac arrest.

Epilepsy

• Epilepsy is a very common cause of convulsions, according to the University of Warwick. Grand mal or tonic/clonic seizures, characterized by full convulsions, may occur. They are typically self-limited, and the patient does not usually require hospitalization. However, status epilepticus, or continuous convulsions that do not subside after 30 minutes, may be fatal. Epileptic seizures or convulsions are a result of hyperactive brain activity that generates abnormal electrical signals.

Hypoxia

• Convulsions can be a sign of cardiac arrest. They can occur when circulatory problems interrupt the flow of blood that supplies the brain with oxygen, resulting in hypoxia. Other conditions that result in insufficient oxygen, such as stroke, asthma, poisoning or exposure to toxic gases, can also cause an individual to suffer convulsions.

Other Causes

• It is important to note that convulsions are a symptom that point to an underlying condition. Convulsions can also be caused by hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, something that often occurs in diabetics. According to MedlinePlus, other causes of convulsions include severe hypotension, or low blood pressure, as well as very high blood pressure, drug overdose, drug withdrawal, electric shock, head injury, heat intolerance, kidney failure, preeclampsia, snake bite and electrolyte imbalance.

Other Information

• Prior to a convulsion, warning symptoms may occur. These may include feelings of anxiety, nausea, vertigo and abnormal visual disturbances. Symptoms accompanying convulsions can include drooling, interruption of breathing, urination or loss of bowel control, and uncontrolled eye movements. Someone experiencing convulsions should be protected from injury and choking. The head should be cushioned, and the clothing should be loosened. Nothing should be put in the mouth. After experiencing convulsions, an individual may feel confused, lethargic and sleepy. Medical attention is advised for convulsions that persist after five minutes, or if the individual is pregnant, diabetic or has suffered an injury.