What are the bones which enclose brain?

The bones which enclose the brain are collectively called the cranium (skull).

The cranium is a complex structure composed of multiple flat bones that fit together to form a protective case for the brain. These bones are held together by sutures, which are immovable joints.

The cranium consists of two main parts:

- The neurocranium, which encloses and protects the brain, and

- The facial bones, which form the lower part of the skull and provide support for the facial structures.

The neurocranium is composed of eight bones:

1. Frontal bone: Forms the forehead and the upper part of the eye sockets

2. Parietal bones (2): Form the upper and lateral sides of the cranium

3. Occipital bone: Forms the back of the cranium and the opening (foramen magnum) through which the spinal cord passes

4. Temporal bones (2): Form the sides of the cranium and contain the middle ear and inner ear structures

5. Sphenoid bone: A complex bone located at the base of the skull that contributes to the formation of the eye sockets, nasal cavity, and sella turcica (a depression that houses the pituitary gland)

6. Ethmoid bone: A small bone located at the front of the skull that contributes to the formation of the nasal cavity and the orbits (eye sockets)

The facial bones consist of 14 bones:

1. Nasal bones (2): Form the bridge of the nose

2. Maxillary bones (2): Form the upper jaw and the cheeks

3. Zygomatic bones (2): Form the cheekbones and provide attachment for some facial muscles

4. Lacrimal bones (2): Small bones located at the front of the eye sockets that contribute to the formation of the tear ducts

5. Palatine bones (2): Form the back of the roof of the mouth and contribute to the formation of the nasal cavity

6. Vomer: A thin bone that forms part of the nasal septum (the dividing wall between the nasal cavities)

7. Mandible: The lower jawbone that articulates with the temporal bones at the temporomandibular joints

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