What are the cells that carry out all control functions for nervous system?

The cells that carry out all control functions for the nervous system are called neurons. Neurons are the basic building blocks of the nervous system and are responsible for receiving, processing, and transmitting information. They are highly specialised cells that have a unique structure and function.

Neurons are composed of three main parts: the cell body, dendrites, and an axon. The cell body contains the nucleus and most of the cell's organelles. Dendrites are short, branched extensions of the cell body that receive signals from other neurons. The axon is a long, slender projection of the cell body that transmits signals to other neurons.

Neurons communicate with each other through electrical and chemical signals. When a neuron receives a signal from another neuron, it generates an electrical impulse called an action potential. This action potential travels along the axon and causes the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on other neurons, causing them to generate action potentials and continue the cycle of communication.

The nervous system is made up of billions of neurons that are interconnected in complex networks. These networks allow for the rapid and efficient transmission of information throughout the body. Neurons are responsible for everything from the simple reflexes that control our breathing and heartbeat to the complex cognitive functions that allow us to think, learn, and remember.