What are the structural parts of nervous system?

The structural parts of the nervous system include:

1. Central Nervous System (CNS):

- Brain:

- Cerebrum: Responsible for higher-level cognitive functions, including thinking, reasoning, language, and memory.

- Cerebellum: Coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance.

- Brainstem: Controls basic life functions such as breathing, heart rate, and sleep.

- Limbic System: Involved in emotions, motivation, and memory.

- Spinal Cord:

- A long, cylindrical structure extending from the brainstem down the back.

- Transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the body.

- Controls some basic reflexes.

2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS):

- Sensory (Afferent) Neurons:

- Carry sensory information from the body to the CNS.

- Motor (Efferent) Neurons:

- Carry motor commands from the CNS to muscles and glands.

- Somatic Nervous System:

- Controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles.

- Autonomic Nervous System:

- Regulates involuntary functions such as heart rate, digestion, and breathing.

- Sympathetic Nervous System: Activates the body's "fight or flight" response.

- Parasympathetic Nervous System: Promotes the body's "rest and digest" response.

3. Neurons:

- The basic functional units of the nervous system.

- Specialized cells that transmit electrical signals called action potentials.

- Consist of a cell body, dendrites (receive signals), and an axon (transmits signals).

4. Glial Cells (Neuroglia):

- Non-neuronal cells that provide support and protection for neurons.

- Include astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells.

- Perform functions such as maintaining homeostasis, providing nutrients, and removing waste.

These structural components work together to allow communication and coordination between different parts of the body and the environment.