What does the sympathetic division of automomic nervous system do?

The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system plays a vital role in preparing the body for situations that require a rapid response or mobilize resources. It is often referred to as the "fight or flight" system, as it activates processes that help us deal with stressful or emergency situations. This division of the autonomic nervous system achieves its effects by releasing norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) into the bloodstream. Some key actions of the sympathetic division are:

1. Increased Heart Rate and Blood Pressure: The sympathetic nervous system increases the heart rate and raises blood pressure by acting on the heart and blood vessels. This ensures a sufficient supply of oxygen and nutrients to muscles and organs during stressful situations.

2. Bronchodilation: The sympathetic division relaxes the smooth muscles in the bronchi, leading to dilation and increased airflow to the lungs. This aids in meeting the increased oxygen demand of the body.

3. Pupil Dilation: It causes the pupils to dilate, allowing more light to enter the eyes. This enhances visual acuity and improves perception in low-light conditions.

4. Inhibition of Digestion: To conserve energy and resources for immediate needs, the sympathetic nervous system suppresses non-essential functions like digestion. This can lead to decreased production of saliva, inhibition of gastrointestinal motility, and delayed digestion.

5. Glycogen Breakdown: The sympathetic system signals the liver to break down glycogen and release glucose into the bloodstream. This provides a quick energy source for muscles and other tissues.

6. Adrenal Gland Activation: The sympathetic nervous system stimulates the adrenal glands to release adrenaline and norepinephrine. These hormones mobilize the body's reserves, increase alertness and enhance physical performance.

7. Sweat Gland Activation: It stimulates sweat glands to produce sweat. Sweating helps in regulating body temperature, as evaporation of sweat cools the skin.

8. Relaxation of Urinary Sphincters: The sympathetic division relaxes the urinary sphincters, facilitating the release of urine if necessary during stressful situations.

In summary, the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body for action in response to stress, danger, or strenuous physical activity. It does this by altering various physiological processes to enhance performance and redirect energy resources accordingly.