What parts of the brain does consciousness utilize?

The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) refer to the brain regions and the neural processes involved in generating conscious experiences. While research is ongoing, certain brain regions and networks are consistently implicated in conscious processing:

Prefrontal Cortex: The prefrontal cortex, particularly the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), is involved in higher-order cognitive functions, decision-making, and the conscious experience of self.

Posterior Parietal Cortex: This region is associated with spatial attention, self-awareness, and the integration of sensory information.

Temporoparietal Junction (TPJ): The TPJ is involved in processing social information, theory of mind (understanding the thoughts of others), and self-referential processing.

Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC): The ACC plays a role in self-monitoring, error detection, and consciousness-related processes.

Insula: The insula is involved in interoception (awareness of internal bodily states), emotional awareness, and self-awareness.

Thalamus: The thalamus acts as a relay center for sensory information to the cerebral cortex and is involved in the regulation of consciousness.

Brainstem (Reticular Activating System): The reticular activating system (RAS) in the brainstem plays a crucial role in regulating arousal and wakefulness, which are necessary for conscious experience.

Default Mode Network (DMN): Although typically associated with resting-state brain activity, the DMN is involved in self-referential processing and mind-wandering, contributing to subjective conscious experiences.

Hippocampus and Medial Temporal Lobes: These regions are involved in memory and the consolidation of long-term memories, which contribute to the continuity of conscious experience over time.

Cerebellum: While traditionally associated with motor control, research has suggested that the cerebellum may also play a role in cognitive functions and conscious processing.

It's important to note that consciousness is a complex phenomenon that involves the integration of information from various brain regions, and different aspects of consciousness may rely on different neural networks. Research in this area is ongoing, and our understanding of the neural basis of consciousness continues to evolve.