How to Detect Upper Motor Neuron Disease

Upper motor neuron disease refers to a group of degenerative neurological disorders that destroy the upper motor neurons in the brain. As the destruction of motor neurons continues, it impedes the brain's ability to control the bodily functions of the brain stem and spinal cord such as chewing and walking. Treatment revolves around helping the patient live as normal of a life as possible through medications and both occupational and physical therapy.

Instructions

• 1

  Look for symptoms of motor neuron disease such as stiff muscles, gradual weakening and involuntary spasms of the tendons in the limbs. As the disease progresses, the affected individual will lose more and more control of his muscles. Eventually, complete control over voluntary movements may be lost. These diseases can affect children and adults, although men are afflicted more frequently than women. In children, the disease usually becomes apparent at a very young age as they learn to crawl and walk.

• 2

  Watch for progressive weakness and stiffness throughout the body, beginning with the legs, which are symptoms of primary lateral sclerosis (PLS)--the most common form of upper motor neuron disease, especially in men. Diagnosis takes approximately three years. The trunk, arms, hands and bulbar muscles are affected next--often in that order. The bulbar muscles refer to the muscles in the face and throat that control chewing, swallowing and speech.

• 3

  Make an appointment with a physician and undergo tests to determine if any of the less-noticeable symptoms of upper motor neuron disease can be detected in the body. In order to diagnose motor neuron disease, the physician will first need to determine if the disease affects the upper motor neurons, lower motor neurons or both. In addition to a physical, the patient should undergo complete laboratory testing to rule out other health disorders that have symptoms similar to motor neuron disease. Electromyography (EMT) is also advised to check muscle and nerve function. Diagnosing upper motor neuron disease can be difficult because there are no definitive tests for diagnosis.