Peripheral Nervous System Disorders

The human body has two main nervous systems: the central nervous system that consists of nerves within the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system that consists of nerves outside the brain and spinal cord. Disorders of the peripheral system, or peripheral neuropathy, occur when nerve communication between the brain and the body is distorted, interrupted or damaged.

Types

• Over 100 different types of peripheral nervous system disorders exist. Among them are carpal tunnel syndrome, diabetic neuropathy, Guillain-Barre syndrome, polyneuropathy and thoracic outlet syndrome.

Causes

• While some disorders are genetically inherited; others are the result of other ailments; occur after a virus, infection or injury; or are due to nerve compression.

Symptoms

• Symptoms include numbness, pain, burning or tingling, muscle weakness and sensitivity to touch. These symptoms can gradually worsen with time.

Diagnosis

• Due to the varying range of symptoms, diagnosis can be difficult. Doctors look at extensive patient histories and perform neurological and physical exams. Additional tests such as a nerve biopsy, CAT scan or MRI may also be ordered.

Treatment

• If the condition is due to injury or another ailment, doctors will first attempt to treat that underlying disorder. Further treatment can include consulting with physical, occupational, speech/language and other medical specialists. Anticonvulsants may also be prescribed to ease the symptoms.