DIPG: How to Treat Rare Brain Cancer

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a rare and aggressive type of brain cancer that occurs in children. It is located in the brainstem, which makes it difficult to treat. Treatment options for DIPG are limited and often palliative, as the tumor is typically not curable. Here are some common treatment options for DIPG:

1. Surgery: Surgery may be performed to biopsy the tumor and relieve symptoms caused by increased pressure within the skull. However, complete surgical removal of DIPG is usually not possible due to the tumor's diffuse nature and location.

2. Radiation Therapy: Radiation therapy is a commonly used treatment for DIPG. It involves using high-energy X-rays or other forms of radiation to kill tumor cells. Radiation therapy can help shrink the tumor and relieve symptoms such as headaches, nausea, and vision problems.

3. Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy involves the use of drugs to kill cancer cells. It can be administered orally or intravenously (IV). Chemotherapy may be used alone or in combination with radiation therapy for DIPG.

4. Targeted Therapy: Targeted therapy involves using drugs that specifically target molecules or proteins that are involved in the growth and survival of tumor cells. These drugs may help slow tumor growth or even shrink the tumor.

5. Clinical Trials: Clinical trials are research studies that evaluate the safety and effectiveness of new treatments for DIPG. Participation in clinical trials may provide access to promising new therapies that are not yet widely available.

6. Palliative Care: Palliative care focuses on relieving symptoms and improving the quality of life for children with DIPG. It may include pain management, symptom control, and emotional support for the child and their family.

The specific treatment approach for DIPG may vary depending on the individual child's age, overall health, and the extent of the tumor. It is important for families to discuss treatment options with their child's healthcare team and make decisions based on the potential benefits and risks of each treatment modality.