What are two ways to treat bone and joint injuries surgically?

1. Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF): This is a surgical procedure in which the bone fragments are repositioned (reduced) and held in place with screws, plates, rods, or wires.

2. Closed reduction and percutaneous fixation (CRPF): This is a minimally invasive surgical procedure in which the bone fragments are repositioned (reduced) without making a large incision. Instead, small incisions are made and pins or screws are inserted through the skin to hold the bones in place.