How does bulimia affect the esophagus?

Bulimia, an eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging, can have several adverse effects on the esophagus, including:

1. Esophagitis: Frequent vomiting during purging can cause inflammation of the esophagus, leading to esophagitis. The acidic content of the stomach, along with digestive enzymes, can damage the esophageal lining, resulting in pain, burning sensation, difficulty swallowing, and inflammation.

2. Erosions and Ulcers: Chronic vomiting can cause erosions and ulcers in the esophagus. The forceful expulsion of stomach contents can lead to breaks in the esophageal mucosa, resulting in bleeding, soreness, and pain.

3. Esophageal Strictures: In severe cases, repeated episodes of vomiting can cause the esophagus to develop scar tissue, leading to esophageal strictures or narrowings. Strictures can make swallowing difficult and may require medical intervention such as dilation to widen the esophagus.

4. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Bulimia can contribute to or worsen GERD, a condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus. Frequent vomiting weakens the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a muscle that acts as a valve between the stomach and the esophagus. A weakened LES allows stomach contents to reflux into the esophagus, causing heartburn, regurgitation, and other symptoms of GERD.

5. Dental Problems: The acidic contents expelled during purging can damage the teeth, causing erosion, discoloration, and increased sensitivity.

It's important for individuals with bulimia to seek professional help to address the underlying psychological and behavioral issues associated with the disorder. Proper treatment, including medical and psychological support, can help prevent or manage the physical complications, including those affecting the esophagus.