How do doctors diagnose bulimia?

Doctors may diagnose bulimia nervosa based on the following criteria:

Eating habits:

- A history of binge eating, which involves consuming an excessive amount of food in a short period and feeling a loss of control over eating.

- Feeling an urgent need to get rid of the food consumed during binge episodes, which can lead to purging behaviors.

Purging behaviors:

- Self-induced vomiting after eating.

- Excessive use of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications to induce bowel movements.

- Excessive fasting or restricting food intake after binge eating.

Psychological symptoms:

- A distorted body image, with an intense fear of gaining weight or being overweight.

- Low self-esteem and a negative self-perception, often leading to feelings of guilt and shame about one's body or eating habits.

- A disturbance in the way a person experiences their weight or body shape, such as feeling overweight even when underweight.

Physical signs:

- Dental problems due to repeated vomiting, such as erosion of tooth enamel or damage to the salivary glands.

- Calluses or scars on the hands or knuckles due to frequent self-induced vomiting.

- Dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, which can cause dizziness, fatigue, and heart problems.

- Menstrual irregularities or amenorrhea (absence of menstrual periods) in women due to hormonal imbalances caused by extreme dieting and/or purging.

- Acid reflux or heartburn as a result of repeated vomiting.

Psychological evaluation:

- A mental health professional may conduct an interview and psychological assessment to evaluate an individual's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors related to their eating habits, body image, and emotional state.

It's important to note that a healthcare professional will consider all these criteria and may request additional tests, such as blood work or a physical examination, to confirm the diagnosis of bulimia nervosa and rule out any underlying medical conditions.