Foot Problems: Bunions

Bunions, unsightly bone growths located on the side of the foot by the joint of the big toe, are a very common foot problem. Developing as a result of an irregular function of the foot, the condition will eventually worsen over time. Usually experienced by women, some studies report that bunions occur nearly 10 times more frequently in women than in men. This condition is also very common with ballet dancers.

Symptoms

• Symptoms associated with bunions include swelling, soreness, improper walking, sharp pains or numbness in the big toe. The symptoms can worsen with prolonged standing, activity, or wearing certain shoes. The bump may get larger resulting in the big toe crossing over the second toe. Corns, lesions, skin irritation, and cramping in the foot may also be present. Bunions usually come in pairs--if an individual has one on the left foot, in all probability there will also be one on the right foot.

Cause

• One of the main causes of bunions is heredity. Generations of families, grandparents, parents, children, can all develop this disorder. The types of shoes worn and the level of activity in one's life can progress the bunion's formation. Other reasons for this condition can include abnormal formation or function of the bones of the foot, rheumatoid arthritis, or injury or nerve conditions affecting the foot.

  It is widely speculated that bunions are caused by tight fitting shoes. However, bunions are also present in cultures where individuals do not wear shoes at all. Although tight shoes may not be the source of bunions, they can definitely aggravate the problem.

Nonsurgical Treatment

• In the early stages, soaking the feet in warm water can provide temporary relief. An individual needs to wear proper fitting shoes with a high and wide toe box. Orthotics, custom made arch supports worn in the shoes, can be prescribed by a podiatrist to provide extra comfort and support to the bones, muscles and ligaments of the foot. They will also slow the progression of the disorder and help to balance the feet while walking. Other orthotics that may limit the progression of the bunion formation, relieve pain, and prove beneficial are bunion shields, night splints, and bunion bandages. Anti-inflammatory medicine and an injection of cortisone may also bring some relief.

Surgical Treatment

• Surgery is the most effective method of treatment for bunions and is usually considered a permanent correction. The process, which is performed at a same-day or out-patient surgical facility, will realign the big toe--the bone is actually cut lengthwise and repositioned. A surgical shoe will need to be worn by the patient for one to three weeks after surgery to keep the dressing in place and provide protection for the foot. Follow-up exams, physical therapy, and exercises will also be part of the recuperative process.

Prevention

• Since the formation of bunions is usually considered hereditary, there is nothing that can be done to actually stop their development. This is a painful condition, but it can be eased by wearing comfortable shoes, going barefoot as much as possible, and investing in orthotics to provide temporary relief and possibly slow its development.