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Definition of Chemical Burns

Chemical burns result from exposure to caustic chemicals. The effects of chemical burns can be severe. With careful handling and safety measures, chemical burns can be avoided.

  1. Definition

    • A chemical burn is an injury to the skin, mucous membranes, or deep tissue resulting from exposure to corrosive chemicals.

    Causes

    • Chemical burns are caused by direct contact or inhalation of fumes from caustic chemicals. Hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric and hydrofluoric acids cause chemical burns. Bases such as sodium hydroxide and oxidants such as silver nitrate also cause chemical burns.

    Effects

    • Abdominal pain, difficulty breathing, dizziness and headaches are possible effects of chemical burns. Skin blisters, rashes and pain are also significant effects.

    Treatments

    • Remove the cause of the chemical burn by washing the area with cool water for 20 minutes. Apply a cool wet cloth over the injured area to relieve pain. Wrap the area with a dry sterile dressing. If pain is too great, burn area is large or breathing is difficult, seek emergency medical assistance.

    Prevention

    • To prevent chemical burns, ensure all chemicals are locked away in a storage cabinet. Avoid mixing chemicals which produce hazardous fumes. Wear the proper safety gloves when handling chemicals.

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