How can a poor diet cause coronary heart disease?
1. Increased Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol: A diet high in saturated fats and trans fats can elevate LDL cholesterol levels in the blood. LDL cholesterol is often referred to as "bad" cholesterol because it can accumulate in the arteries, forming plaques that narrow the vessels and restrict blood flow to the heart.
2. Decreased High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol: A diet low in healthy fats, such as monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, can lower HDL cholesterol levels. HDL cholesterol is considered "good" cholesterol as it helps remove LDL cholesterol from the arteries and transport it back to the liver for elimination. Low levels of HDL cholesterol can impair this process, increasing the risk of plaque buildup.
3. Elevated Triglycerides: A diet rich in simple carbohydrates and added sugars can lead to elevated triglyceride levels. Triglycerides are a type of fat that, when present in high concentrations, can contribute to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the arteries.
4. Increased Blood Pressure: A diet high in sodium (salt) and low in potassium can contribute to high blood pressure (hypertension). Hypertension puts strain on the heart, forcing it to work harder to pump blood against increased resistance. Over time, this can weaken the heart muscle and contribute to the development of CHD.
5. Inflammation: Certain dietary patterns, such as a diet high in processed foods, refined carbohydrates, and sugary beverages, can promote chronic inflammation in the body. Inflammation is associated with the development and progression of atherosclerosis and can increase the risk of CHD.
6. Obesity: A poor diet, combined with physical inactivity, can lead to weight gain and obesity. Obesity is a significant risk factor for CHD, as it contributes to several metabolic abnormalities that increase the likelihood of developing heart disease.
By adopting a healthier diet that emphasizes whole, unprocessed foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats, individuals can reduce their risk of developing coronary heart disease and improve their overall cardiovascular health.