How does exercise affect heart rate?

Short-term effects

During exercise, the heart rate increases to meet the increased demand for oxygen and nutrients in the muscles. This is because exercise causes the muscles to work harder, which in turn increases the blood flow to the muscles. The increased blood flow requires the heart to pump more blood, which results in an increased heart rate.

Long-term effects

Regular exercise can also lead to a lower resting heart rate. This is because exercise strengthens the heart muscle, making it more efficient at pumping blood. As a result, the heart does not need to beat as fast to pump the same amount of blood. A lower resting heart rate is associated with a reduced risk of heart disease.

Other factors that can affect heart rate during exercise

* Age: The heart rate of younger people tends to be higher than the heart rate of older people. This is because the heart muscle of younger people is more elastic, which allows it to pump blood more efficiently.

* Gender: The heart rate of women tends to be higher than the heart rate of men. This is because women have smaller hearts and less muscle mass than men.

* Fitness level: The heart rate of people who are fit tends to be lower than the heart rate of people who are not fit. This is because fit people have stronger heart muscles and more efficient blood flow.

* Altitude: The heart rate of people who exercise at high altitudes tends to be higher than the heart rate of people who exercise at sea level. This is because the air is thinner at high altitudes, which means that there is less oxygen available for the muscles.

When to see a doctor

If you experience chest pain, shortness of breath, or dizziness during exercise, stop what you are doing and seek medical attention immediately. These symptoms could be a sign of a heart problem.