What molecules are transported by the cardiovascular system?
The cardiovascular system is responsible for transporting various molecules throughout the body. Here are some key molecules transported by the cardiovascular system:
1. Oxygen: The primary function of the cardiovascular system is to transport oxygen to body tissues and organs. Oxygen is taken up by the lungs and transported by hemoglobin in red blood cells to various parts of the body.
2. Carbon dioxide: Carbon dioxide is a waste product produced by cellular metabolism. It is transported back to the lungs by the cardiovascular system to be exhaled.
3. Nutrients: The cardiovascular system transports essential nutrients, such as glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids, from the digestive system to body cells. These nutrients provide energy and building blocks for growth and repair.
4. Hormones: Hormones are chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands. They are transported by the cardiovascular system to their target cells and tissues, where they regulate various physiological processes.
5. Waste products: The cardiovascular system helps in removing metabolic waste products, such as urea and creatinine, from the body. These waste products are transported to the kidneys for filtration and excretion.
6. Heat: The cardiovascular system plays a role in regulating body temperature by redistributing heat throughout the body. Blood vessels dilate or constrict to control heat loss or conservation, helping maintain a constant internal body temperature.
7. Immune cells: The cardiovascular system transports immune cells, such as white blood cells, to sites of infection or injury. These cells help defend the body against pathogens and foreign substances.
8. Blood clotting factors: The cardiovascular system transports clotting factors, which are proteins essential for blood coagulation. These factors help prevent excessive bleeding in case of injury.
9. Minerals and electrolytes: Minerals, such as sodium, potassium, and calcium, as well as electrolytes, are transported by the cardiovascular system to maintain the body's electrolyte balance and proper functioning of cells and tissues.
These are some of the key molecules that are transported by the cardiovascular system, facilitating various physiological processes and maintaining overall homeostasis in the body.