What are sister chromotids?

Sister chromatids are identical copies of a chromosome that are attached to each other at the centromere. They are formed during DNA replication, when the DNA of a chromosome is copied to produce two identical copies. The sister chromatids then remain attached to each other until they are separated during cell division.

Sister chromatids are essential for proper cell division. If they are not separated properly, the cells that result from cell division will have an abnormal number of chromosomes, which can lead to genetic disorders.

Structure of sister chromatids

Sister chromatids are composed of DNA, which is a double helix of nucleotides. The nucleotides are arranged in a specific sequence that determines the genetic code for the cell. The DNA in sister chromatids is identical, except for occasional mutations.

The centromere is a specialized region of the chromosome that is responsible for holding the sister chromatids together. The centromere is located near the middle of the chromosome, and it is composed of a complex of proteins.

Separation of sister chromatids

Sister chromatids are separated during cell division by a process called anaphase. Anaphase occurs during mitosis and meiosis. During anaphase, the spindle fibers of the cell attach to the centromeres of the sister chromatids and pull them apart. The sister chromatids then move to opposite ends of the cell.

The separation of sister chromatids is essential for proper cell division. If the sister chromatids are not separated properly, the cells that result from cell division will have an abnormal number of chromosomes, which can lead to genetic disorders.